填表問美帝取回股息陀地（２０１９）（下）

坊間有一說，謂買入上市公司之股票就應該當成是「自己盤生意」咁去睇云云；但上市公司其實是「獨立法人」，作為小小小股東，公司的營運、賺蝕、派息政策等都管不到，甚至分享不到（市場買賣價、派唔派息、派息多少未必同公司業績有關），如何可以當成是「自己盤生意」呢？如果係要當成是「自己盤生意」，其實就唔應該係買 corporation（「獨立法人」），而係買 Partnership，咁先可以分享到合伙企業的盈利。
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上文《填表問美帝取回股息陀地（２０１９）（上）》講完如何計算及填報 Non-Effectively Connected Income（NEC）的細節，並以魔術師持有的例子Invesco DB Base Metals Fund (DBB.AMEX), VanEck Vectors Video Gaming And Esports ETF (ESPO), 與及 WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund (HEDJ) 作說明。剩下來的重頭戲，就是如何為 America First Multifamily Investors, L.P. (ATAX) 的 Effectively Connected Income（ECI）做退稅：

（圖片來源：America First Multifamily Investor, L.P. Prospectus supplement (to Prospectus dated November 29, 2016) , August 1, 2018）

（本文假設了申請人已備有 International Taxpayer Identification Number(ITIN)，若未申請者請參考《假扮美帝公民入領事館做公證（２０１７）》一文的做法，並附在 Form 1040-NR 內一起寄出。）
因為ATAX 是 Publicly Traded Partnership（PTP），同時收入是 ECI ，報稅時可以享有以下有兩項優惠：（１）收入可打８折；（２）可用美帝公民稅率報稅。
先睇 Form 1040-NR（參考資料中有相關表格及說明，下同）第１頁：撇除 Lines 1-7 的個人資料，由 Line 8 起至 Line 23 就是 ECI。由於魔術師沒有直接收取屬於 ECI 的利息、股息、與及其他收入（每條 Line 的各自定義可以在官方說明中找到，不贅），所以除了 Line 18 Rental real estate, royalties, partnerships, trusts, etc. Attach Schedule E (Form 1040 or 1040-SR)之外，全部都是０:

(Form 1040-NR page 1)

要填 Form 1040-NR Line 18，就先要填 Schedule E（Form 1040 or 1040-SR）。基本上 Part I Income or Loss From Rental Real Estate and Royalties, Part III Income or Loss From Estates and Trusts, 與及 Part IV Income or Loss From Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs)—Residual Holder 都唔關魔術師事，可以不理，只需填上個人資料：（Ａ）姓名（美式）及（Ｂ）ITIN，再參考 ATAX 的 Schedule K-1（Form 1065） Part I 及 Part II（其中 Current year net income (loss) 已包含 Part III 的細項 breakdown），知道 Net income ＝＄１,４３４：

（Schedule K-1）

在填 Schedule E（Form 1040 or 1040-SR）時，依照說明知道也要填 Form 4952（由於此 form 純粹係將 Schedule K-1 的 breakdowns 抄入去，截圖從略）：

2019 Instructions for Schedule E (2019)
Foreign Partnerships
Follow the instructions below in addition to the instructions earlier for Domestic Partnerships.
If you are a U.S. person, you may have received Forms 1099-B, 1099-DIV, and 1099-INT reporting your share of certain partnership income, because payors of income to the foreign partnership in most cases are required to allocate and report payments of that income directly to each of the partners of the foreign partnership. If you received both Schedule K-1 and Form 1099 for the same type and source of partnership income, report only the income shown on Schedule K-1 in accordance with its instructions.
If you are not a U.S. person, you may have received Forms 1042-S reporting your share of certain partnership income, because payors of income to the foreign partnership in most cases are required to allocate and report payments of that income directly to each of the partners of the foreign partnership. If you received both Schedule K-1 and Form 1042-S for the same type and source of partnership income, report the income on your return as follows.For all income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, report only the income shown on Schedule K-1 in accordance with its instructions.For all income not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, report on page 4 of Form 1040-NR only the income shown on Form 1042-S (if you are required to file Form 1040-NR).

Partner's Instructions for Schedule K-1 (Form 1065) (2019)
Publicly traded partnerships (PTP). The passive activity limitations are applied separately for items (other than the low-income housing credit and the rehabilitation credit) from each PTP. Thus, a net passive loss from a PTP may not be deducted from other passive income. Instead, a passive loss from a PTP is suspended and carried forward to be applied against passive income from the same PTP in later years. If the partner's entire interest in the PTP is completely disposed of, any unused losses are allowed in full in the year of disposition.If you have an overall gain from a PTP, the net gain is nonpassive income. In addition, the nonpassive income is included in investment income to figure your investment interest expense deduction.Do not report passive income, gains, or losses from a PTP on Form 8582. Instead, use the following rules to figure and report on the proper form or schedule your income, gains, and losses from passive activities that you held through each PTP you owned during the tax year.

• Combine any current year income, gains, and losses, and any prior year unallowed losses to see if you have an overall gain or loss from the PTP. Include only the same types of income and losses you would include in your net income or loss from a non-PTP passive activity. See Pub. 925, Passive Activity and At-Risk Rules, for more details.
• If you have an overall gain, the net gain portion (total gain minus total losses) is nonpassive income. On the form or schedule you normally use, report the net gain portion as nonpassive income and the remaining income and the total losses as passive income and loss. To the left of the entry space, enter "From PTP." It is important to identify the nonpassive income because the nonpassive portion is included in modified adjusted gross income for purposes of figuring on Form 8582 the "special allowance" for active participation in a non-PTP rental real estate activity. In addition, the nonpassive income is included in investment income when figuring your investment interest expense deduction on Form 4952, Investment Interest Expense Deduction.

因為ATAX 有賺（Net income ＝＄１,４３４），PTP 的 net gain 算是 non-passive income，依照說明便可以填好 Schedule E 的 Part II 與及 Part V：

Schedule E（Form 1040 or 1040-SR）page 2

再將 Schedule E 的 Line 41 Total income or (loss) 填入 Form 1040-NR Line 18，再將各條 lines 加起來填入 Line 23 便完成了 ECI。由於魔術師沒有 Adjusted Gross Income，所以 Line 35 跟 Line 23 一樣：

（Form 1040-NR page 1）

由於 ATAX 是 PTP，留意可以在 Line 38 Qualified business income deduction 用 Form 8995 對 net income 進行 ２０％ 的扣減（很可惜魔術師投資的 REIT 派息，對 NRA 來說都不算是 ECI )：

Instructions for Form 1040-NR (2019)
Line 38
Qualified Business Income Deduction (Section 199A Deduction)
To figure your qualified business income deduction, use Form 8995 or Form 8995-A as applicable.
Use Form 8995 if:

• You have qualified business income (loss), qualified REIT dividends, or qualified PTP income (loss);
• Your 2019 taxable income before the qualified business income deduction is less than or equal to $160,700 ($160,725 if you have checked box 5 on page 1 of Form 1040-NR); and
• You are not a patron in a specified agricultural or horticultural cooperative.

根據 Form 8995 的說明，PTP income 不算是 Qualified Business Income（QBI），

Instructions for Form 8995 (2019)
Determining Your Qualified Business Income
Your QBI includes items of income, gain, deduction, and loss from your trades or businesses that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States. This includes income from partnerships (other than PTPs), S corporations, sole proprietorships, certain estates and trusts that are included or allowed in figuring your taxable income for the year. To figure the total amount of QBI, you must consider all items that are related to the trade or business. This includes, but isn’t limited to, charitable contributions, unreimbursed partnership expenses, business interest expense, deductible part of self-employment tax, self-employment health insurance deduction, and contributions to qualified retirement plans. QBI doesn’t include any of the following.

• Items that aren’t properly included in income.
• Income that isn’t effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States (go to IRS.gov/ECI).
• Wage income (except “Statutory Employees” where Form W-2, box 13 is checked).
• Amounts received as reasonable compensation from an S corporation.
• Amounts received as guaranteed payments.
• Amounts received as payments by a partner for services other than in a capacity as a partner.
• Items treated as capital gains or losses under any provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).
• Dividends and dividend equivalents.
• Interest income not properly allocable to a trade or business.
• Commodities transactions or foreign currency gains or losses.
• Income, loss, or deductions from notional principal contracts.
• Annuities (unless received in connection with the trade or business).
• Qualified REIT dividends.
• Qualified PTP income.

逐條 Line 填入（每條 Line 的各自定義可以在官方說明 中找到，不贅）：

（Form 8895）

將 Form 8995 的 Line 15 填入 Form 1040-NR 的 Line 38（ＥＣＩ未打稅前先扣２０％），第１頁便大功告成：

（Form 1040-NR page 2）

然後就係 Form 1040-NR第２頁：

• Line 41 Taxable income 為＄１,１４７（＝１４３４—２８７）。
• 根據 Form 1040-NR Line 42 Tax 的說明，可以用 Worksheet 及 Tax table 計到應繳稅為＄１０６，而不是３７％ withholding 所 charge 的＄７４０（＝＄２０００＊３７％），結論就係可以申請退回＄５９４：

上文《填表問美帝取回股息陀地（２０１９）（上）》的 NEC 應繳稅為＄２,９６０，加上本文 ECI 的應繳稅＄１０６，Line 61 Total tax 便是＄３,０６６（＝２９６０＋１０６）。在本例子中，Form 1042-S income code 06 的 tax withheld 為＄３,０００，income code 27 的 tax withheld 為＄７５０，加起來得出 Line 62d Federal income tax withheld from 1042-S 與及 Line 71 Total payments 便是＄３,７５０。Line 72 Overpaid 就是＄６９２（＝３７５０—３０６６），這就是總共可申請退回的陀地股息稅。其餘 fields 按說明填好便可，毋需多解釋：

Form 1040-NR page 2）

最後將所有文件（包括上述提及的各種 forms、與及 supporting documents；魔術師仲加埋 IB 的 dividend report 同埋自家製用來解說的 Powerpoint 及 Excel）打印出來，簽好名，依照說明疊好，在截止日期前寄去 IRS 便可以了：

Instructions for Form 1040-NR (2019)
Assemble Your Return
Assemble any schedules and forms behind Form 1040-NR in order of the "Attachment Sequence No." shown in the upper right corner of the schedule or form. If you have supporting statements, arrange them in the same order as the schedules or forms they support and attach them last. File your return, schedules, and other attachments on standard size paper. Cutting the paper may cause problems in processing your return. Do not attach correspondence or other items unless required to do so.Attach a copy of Forms W-2, 1042-S, SSA-1042S, RRB-1042S, 2439, and 8288-A to the front of Form 1040-NR. If you received a Form W-2c (a corrected Form W-2), attach a copy of your original Forms W-2 and any Forms W-2c. Also attach Form(s) 1099-R to the front of Form 1040-NR if tax was withheld. Attach Form 8805 to the back of your return. Enclose, but do not attach, any payment.
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When To File
Individuals. If you were an employee and received wages subject to U.S. income tax withholding, file Form 1040-NR by the 15th day of the 4th month after your tax year ends. A return for the 2019 calendar year is due by April 15, 2020.
If you file after this date, you may have to pay interest and penalties. See Interest and Penalties, later.
If you did not receive wages as an employee subject to U.S. income tax withholding, file Form 1040-NR by the 15th day of the 6th month after your tax year ends. A return for the 2019 calendar year is due by June 15, 2020.：
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Where To File
Individuals. If you are not enclosing a payment, mail Form 1040-NR to:
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue ServiceAustin, TX 73301-0215U.S.A.

唔好俾 Jun 15, 2020 個 deadline fake 咗。侵侵較早時已經因疫情關係，話將報稅的截止日期推遲至７月１５日：

（圖片來源：Taxpayer Relief for Certain Tax-Related Deadlines Due To Coronavirus Pandemic, retrieved on 11 May 2020）

所以，就算我城郵政話要成個月寄平郵過美帝境內都無有怕喇！

（圖片來源：香港郵政 > 各海外目的地現時提供的可用服務類別, ２０２０年５月７日）

（圖片來源：香港郵政 > 寄往若干目的地的郵遞服務暫停, ２０２０年４月９日）

（註：以上數據純屬假設，並非魔術師實際投資額。魔術師亦非稅務專家，本文純屬心得分享，不保證相關資訊正確無誤，亦不構成任何稅務建議。各位讀者是否值得研習如何向美帝申請退稅，要視乎實際金額而定。）
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參考資料：
IRS: About Form 1040-NR, U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return
IRS: About Schedule E (Form 1040), Supplemental Income and Loss
IRS: About Form 4952, Investment Interest Expense Deduction
IRS: About Form 8995, Qualified Business Income Deduction Simplified Computation
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伸延閱讀：
填表問美帝取回股息陀地（２０１９）（上）
假扮美帝公民入領事館做公證（２０１７）